Improvement in cutters for lathes



J. Du BOIS. Gutter for Lathes. No. 196,644.

Patented Oct. 30, 1877,

XMM/ $911M 2m 4/, ad J,

I UNITED PATENT OFFIGE.

JOHN minors, or wILLIAMsronT, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT INCUTTERS FOR LATHES.

' Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,644, datedOctober 30, 1877; application filed September 1, 1877.

Toall whom it may concern: .l

Be it known that I, JOHN DU Bors, of Williamsport, in the coimtyofLycoming and State of Pennsylvania, have {invented certain .Improvementsin Tools for Metal-Workin g Lathes and Planers, of which the followingis a specification: i

The object of my invention is to'produce'a tool for imeta'l-turningwhich will require the use and consumption of a very small amount ofsteel in comparison with those now in use, and which will at the sametime be adapted for work of the'heaviest character, which will retain anedge of unchanging form and height, which will needno forging as thecutting-edge wears away, and which will in every respect be the equal oftools hitherto used.

" To this end my invention consists in constructing the body of the toolwith an end'of.

substantially the usual form, and providing the same on top with "averythin movable steel plate or facing, to receive the wear and form thecutting-edge, the steel being merely a facing or armamenton-the toolproper, incapable of sustaining itself, and requiring to besupported toits extreme edge by the tool propen' The invention also consists,further, in a special construction of the bodyof the tooland theattendant devices forholding the steel facing. t

The lathe-tools hitherto devised for metalturning have been of twogeneral classes, both open to serious objections, which are overcome bymy plan of construction.

The tools most generally used consist merely of heavy bars ofsteel,having theirendsforged' into the shape required,the endbein'gground down as the edge wears away, and gradually changes in shapeuntil, as soon happens, it becomes unfit for use, when it is againforgedu'pinto shape, and so on repeatedly until the tool becomes" tooshort for use in the tool-post, when the remaining steel, several inchesin of one specially skilled in the art, and the repeated heatingsgreatly injure the quality and efficiency of the metal, and the waste ofthe worn-out tools entails a serious loss of steel.

In order to overcome, in part, the above troubles, the second class oftools were devised, consisting of stocks or holders to fit thetool-posts, provided with removable self-sustaining steel blades orcutters, arranged in some cases in an upright, and in others in ahorizontal, position. In practice these tools,

while in some respects superior to the others, are found unsatisfactory,the vertical cutters working out of place, and being unable, on accountof the shape of the stock, to pass up closely to the Work, While thehorizontal out: ters could not be given the proper pitch and inclinationat the forward end, and could not be relied upon in heavy work, onaccount of their tendency to chatter and break, and in both forms theamount of steel consumed was considerable. In every instance the cuttingblade, tool, or bit employed was made of such size and strength incross-section as to be selfsustaining against the strain which itreceived in cutting, and consequently necessitated the consumption of avery considerable amount of steel. In my tool, on the contrary, thesteel does not require to be, and is not, self-sustaining, and thereforeneed have but atithe of the thickness required in the others.

The greatest andmost distinguishingfeature of my tool, is that the steelis made of an extreme thinness, and is not self-sustainin g, but is,instead, sustained by the tool to its extreme cutting-edge, the wholebeing, in eifect, a turning-tool of ordinary character, with a thinmovable surface or veneering on its top to receive the wear. By thismethod of construction I reduce the amount of steel consumed toaminim'um, enabling the performance of the same work with less than halfthe consumption of tool-steel hitherto required, in addition to which Igain, by reason of the extreme thinness, a greater facility andreadiness of grinding the cutting-edge, and am enabled to temper thecutter through its entire thickness, and to give it a greater hardnessand resistance to wear than could be done when it was required to bestrong and self-sustaining.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a side view of myimproved tool-,,

rigging;avappmrview of the same 3, vertical section of the same on thelinear w, and Fig. 4 aperspective view of the steel bladedetached.

A represents the body of the tool, or-tool proper, consisting ot a solidbar adapted to fit the tool-post, having its forward end or point afashioned into the form of an ordinary ing-tool, and having, just inrearof thepoint,=

i anienlargement, b, containing an oblique more j tise or opening,through which there is inserted the thinsteelblade or cutter B. Theforward end of the steel lies upon and is supported to its extreme edgeby the point a, the two havin gtheir ends made of the same form, groundflush with each other in front, and fitted closely to each other, sothat jointly they form a solidended tool having the ordinary form, andadapted for operation in the ordinary manner,

Thesteel lying on top receives the wear and performs the cutting, but,depends for its 'stauponthe direct support received at its 7 endimmediately below its cutting-edge,

from the point a.

h In order to, hold the steel rigidly and mi i movably in place, a steelblock, 01, is placed in the" mortise upon it, and a jam-screw, 1),.

mounted in the enlargement bin such manner 7 .astoba vi ml the. blockand force thevsame down upon the steel blade, the block (1 havingajvertieal shoulder or arm, 0, and a vertical 1pm,), the former restingagainst the front and the latter against the rear face of theenlargement b,.as shown in Fig. 3, for the purpose of retaining andsteadying the block (1 in the enlargement I), while at the same timepermit.

ting its vertical adjustment. In practice, I

prefertonotch or seat the shoulder or arm 0 into the face of theenlargement b, as represent'ed'in Fig. 2, in order to hold and sustainit firmly against side play.

" The surfaces bearing upon the steel above and belon should exactlycorrespond with each other, and the top block d should extend forwardvery near to the end of the steel, as

shown, so that when the screw is set down the parts will all be heldrigidly and solidly together, and the steel prevented from springing orchattering.

By the above arrangement, it will beseen, the, steel, nov matter howthin, is held firmly above: and below, and sustained at the ex trelnecutting-edge in such manner that it may be used tocut the heaviestchips; In practice,lhavefi equently, with the tool thus constructed'taken off iron shavings of a thickness greaterthan that of .the steelused in cutting them. v The point or nose to. may be forged solidly onthebody A; but it is preferred to make its upper, portionthat' portionwhich bears against the blade-in a separate piece, g, as

shown. This piece gis inserted in the mortisejdirectly under the blade,and secured by means of a vertical pin,h, passed down through andadapted for' blades having ends of corr'e- It will 'be observed thattool-post of the lathe, and ithat itmay sit beg sumed is the-thin inwhich, as it becomesldulled niQYQd 9??? if and g with yer less, labothat a blade one-eighth of provided withthe overhanging nose c, and l itin the manner shown" I ginia separate piees ra f I andharden it,and'alsoito'*"sub place others having difl'erent shapes at theend,

sponding shapes. In this way the one "stock? or body may be;adapted fottjeizs of various shapes for diii'erent classe of ork; but ordi- 4narily this change ade s waren ss: an oblique or inclined relation tothe body of the tool, in order that itkmayextend past the" low the topof the bodyorban: h

It will also be noticed that he steel is curved, in the arc of a circle,so vthat 'ts rearend will; stand up out of the way, ja oithat the for:Wa end m e elithe "red it h r inclination. These two i turesare,however, shown in a recent patentl. liengler, and j are not claimed bymIn the use of my a u dfilyw'lllajrtjboll ensiyesteelblad i ini h ck-iiness-is of ample strength,. whenwsustamed on; my plan, to take 011jironfc p ofg'reat thick- .ness, and for light work} blade considerablyless in thickness mayb Disclaiming the bro stock orbody of axtur nngble'steel cutter, and also ,t cutter with referencetq V the curvature ofthe cutte What I do claimis'- H1 1. Alathe-tool cons g ck oribo'dyadapted for use in a tool-po ltgankl ait inblade of providing/a1 withamova-f "quityof the; ck, and als;

cured to, the sto k, nd 'fistaiuedimmediat l" under its cutting-edgethereby,substantia11 as shown. 1 f 2., The lathe-tool consistin it:.thelstock,A adapted for use in a tool, post: or liolder, an

the thin blade of steel, and adjustably thereon extreme cutting-edgeb3., Thecombinatio 1n steel, blade or sheetja adaptedfor useinatool evided withafnose or points tended der nm s ng he bl de memewer edge,'thetwo beingflus th ach other at the-front end, assho H r v 4; Inalatl1etool,,thec steelblade, a stockorhold g .asshown, having apoin' order and sustaining. the of the blade, andfa cl eslihqr ontal r firmly ontop of'theblad ward nearly to theedge of the same, to prevent the nose,the mortise, and. the screw, with the it from breaking or chattering.

- removable blocks d and g, and the thin blade 5. The combination of thestock A, having B, as shown.

"the oblique mortise, and the nose at and screw JOHN DU BOIS.

D, with thethin steel blade B, and the block d Witnesses restingthereon. P. T. DODGE,

6. The combination of the stock A, having W. W. DODGE.

